Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is an uncommon but well recognized condition characterized by compression of the third portion of the duodenum against the aorta by the superior mesenteric artery, resulting in chronic, intermittent or acute duodenal obstruction. The superior mesenteric artery is responsible for supplying blood to the colon and small intestine. It runs from the aorta to its entry in the small intestine, which is called the duodenum.

Identification

• In patients with SMA, the artery blocks the duodenum partially, causing pain and other symptoms of abdominal distress.

Considerations

• Patients typically experience increased symptoms immediately following meals. According to NetWellness, blood flow increases at this time, causing the artery to swell, which worsens the blockage.

Misconceptions

• This condition may initially be misdiagnosed as anorexia, due to abdominal discomfort and symptoms such as premature satiety.

Diagnosis

• According to the "Bombay Hospital Journal," superior mesenteric artery syndrome may be difficult to diagnose. A doctor may first have to run a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and CT scan.

Treatment

• In severe cases, an individual suffering from SMA may require surgery. According to the "Journal of General Internal Medicine," a more conservative treatment option for milder cases is to teach the patient postures to use at mealtime.

History

• SMA was first diagnosed in 1861 by Carl von Rokitansky, according to the "Bombay Hospital Journal."