How to Prevent Bed Sores on Quadriplegics

Bedsores -- also called pressure sores or pressure ulcers -- are spots of damaged skin that develop when sustained pressure cuts off circulation to certain areas of the body. They develop quickly, progress rapidly and are difficult to heal. Bedridden patients or those in wheelchairs are especially susceptible to bedsores. Preventing bedsores on these types of patients -- such as quadriplegics -- is a moderately easy process.

Instructions

Prevent bed sores on quadriplegics

• 1

  Change position frequently. People in wheelchairs should shift position every 15 minutes, either with the use of a pressure-release wheelchair, by doing "wheelchair pushups," or with assistance from a nurse or caregiver. A pressure-release wheelchair has a seat that tilts to adjust the seat's pressure. "Wheelchair pushups" involve lifting the body up and adjusting position by using the arms to push up on the handles of the wheelchair while the chair's brakes are locked. Bedridden patients should change position every two hours, even during the night. Work with a physical therapist or specialized nursing staff to develop tips to position your body correctly while in bed -- avoid lying directly on your hipbones (lie on your side), support your legs correctly (place a pillow under your calves, not your knees), and keep your knees and ankles from touching.

• 2

  Inspect your skin daily for bedsores, using a mirror to examine hard-to-see areas -- or ask a family member or caregiver for help. Patients in wheelchairs should pay attention to the buttocks, tailbone, lower back, legs, heels and feet. Bedridden patients should pay attention to the hips, spine, lower back, shoulders, elbows and heels. If you see skin damage, increased tenderness, redness, warmth or signs of infection, call your doctor and get medical help immediately.

• 3

  Ensure proper nutrition and hygiene. Keeping skin clean and dry and maintaining a healthy diet are the most critical components to preventing bedsores. Dirty, moist skin invites infection and complicates damage that has already occurred. Although bedridden or wheelchair-bound patients may not have much of an appetite, ensuring appropriate intake of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients is of utmost importance to keeping the body (and the skin) in good health.

• 4

  Use special bedding equipment, such as eggcrate mattresses or alternating pressure pumps and pads -- which allow bedridden patients to adjust the pressure on which they lie -- to help prevent pressure sores. Caregivers can also use a medical lift to help move bedridden patients and adjust their position.