What Are the Causes & Effects of Seizures?

According to the Epilepsy Foundation, more than 300,000 Americans are effected by seizures. Seizures can be extremely dangerous, and can cause permanent damage if they last too long.

Types

• According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, there are more than 30 different types of seizures. These seizures have been placed in two separate categories called focal seizures and generalized seizures. Focal seizures occur when there is a seizure in one part of the brain. Generalized seizures occur in both sides of the brain.

Causes

• Seizures are caused by abnormal activity in the brain. Although most seizures have no known cause, head injuries, a lack of oxygen during birth, brain tumors, genetic conditions like tuberous sclerosis, and infections can all cause seizures. In some cases, seizures can occur if the patient sees flickering lights or a certain pattern of lights. This is termed as photosensitive epilepsy.

Symptoms

• The symptoms of generalized and focal seizures differ. In generalized seizures, common symptoms include convulsions, loss of consciousness, falling, jerking, and staring into space. Symptoms of focal seizures include altered consciousness, unexplained feelings of happiness or sadness, or nausea, twitching, confusion, and headaches.

Effects

• Some of the short-term effects of seizures include confusion, loss of coordination, lack of urinary and bowel function, and loss of consciousness.

Long-term Effects

• If seizures continue untreated and last more than five minutes apiece, it can cause brain damage. Other long-term effects include infertility, depression, suicidal tendencies, and anxiety.