What Are Rectal Fissures?

A rectal fissure, or anal fissure, is a small tear in the lining of the anus or lower rectum. This condition may develop in adults who pass stools that are large or hard. Most fissures heal without requiring surgery.

Symptoms

• According to the Mayo Clinic, individuals with an anal fissure may notice burning or pain while having a bowel movement and the appearance of bright red blood on toilet paper or the outside of a stool. The anus may become irritated or itchy, and a visible skin crack may develop in the area of the anus.

Causes

• Anal fissures can be caused by constipation or straining during a bowel movement. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease may develop a rectal fissure.

Most Suceptible Individuals

• Rectal fissures are more likely to occur in infants, older people and women who have just given birth.

Testing

• Doctors often spot anal fissures during a visual examination of the anal region. A colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy may be performed to find any underlying medical conditions that can cause rectal bleeding.

Treatment

• Corticosteroid creams, ointments or suppositories can be purchased over the counter or prescribed by a doctor to reduce inflammation and rectal discomfort. Fissures that do not heal may need to be surgically removed.