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Medical Definition of Dysentery

Dysentery is an infection of the intestines caused by the shigella bacterium. Outbreaks of epidemic dysentery caused by shigella with high mortality rates have occurred in developing countries.

  1. Definition

    • Dysentery is a disease caused by infection. It is characterized by severe diarrhea with the passage of blood and mucus in the stool.

    Types

    • There are two main types of dysentery. Bacillary dysentery is caused by the bacterium shigella. Amoebic dysentery is caused by a parasite found most often in tropical areas. Amoebic dysentery is the more serious type and may be fatal if not treated.

    Transmission

    • Dysentery can be easily spread by contaminated water, swimming pools or through the consumption of infected food. Dysentery can be easily spread in overcrowded areas and where there is a lack of proper hygiene.

    Symptoms

    • Symptoms typically include watery diarrhea, low-grade fever and abdominal cramps. Complications such as dehydration and weigh loss can lead to other severe conditions if not treated.

    Treatment

    • Treatment typically includes bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids. Symptoms usually resolve within a week. Severe infections may require hospitalization, antibiotics and intravenous fluids.

    Prevention

    • Good hygiene practices, such as washing hands before and after preparing food as well as meticulous bathroom hygiene, can help prevent the spread of dysentery. People should also avoid sharing personal items such as towels and utensils.

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