What Effects Does Nuclear Radiation Have on the Body?

Nuclear energy is created through processes by which the nuclei of atoms are either split or forced together. Radiation is a by-product of these techniques, and even low-level exposure to it creates the potential for adverse health effects.

Terminology

• Potential effects posed by exposure to nuclear radiation are considered in terms of exposure and dose. Rad stands for radiation absorbed dose. It's a tool for measuring the amount of radiation bombarding the body. The words "rad" and "rem" are used interchangeably.

Warning

• Although the effects of exposure to radiation levels between zero and 10 rads are not immediately discernible, these may result in premature aging, higher risk of tumors and genetic mutation in offspring.

Mid-Level Exposure

• When a person receives 150 to 250 rad exposure, vomiting occurs. There may also be skin burns and embryonic or fetal death if the individual is pregnant. The risk of cancer increases as well.

Higher-Level Exposure

• Bloody discharges, loss of hair and atrophy of the endocrine glands are common at levels of exposure above 250 rads. The susceptibility to death increases substantially.

Considerations

• When a person's body is exposed to nuclear radiation at even higher rad counts, the prospect of death is certain. Even low-level nuclear radiation is dangerous, and it should only be handled by those using protective gear.