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Abnormalities in Plasma Levels of Bicarbonate & Potassium

Bicarbonate helps regulate the acidity of blood, and potassium helps regulate muscle movement and transmission of signals in the nervous system. Abnormalities in plasma levels of either may be a sign of an underlying medical condition.

  1. Symptoms

    • Nausea, fatigue, muscle tingling or weakness, and kidney pain are signs of abnormal potassium levels. Similar symptoms, as well as breathing difficulties, are symptoms of abnormal bicarbonate levels.

    Testing

    • Potassium and bicarbonate levels are tested through an analysis of a blood sample.

    Causes of High Levels

    • High potassium levels may be caused by certain medications, including ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs, as well as kidney disease or adrenal problems. High bicarbonate levels are most commonly caused by lung disease but may also be caused by severe vomiting, Cushing's syndrome or Conn's syndrome.

    Causes of Low Levels

    • Low potassium levels may be caused by use of certain medications, kidney disease, vomiting and diarrhea. Causes of low bicarbonate levels include hyperventilation, alcohol or aspirin use, diabetes, thyroid problems, dehydration and certain medications, including some glaucoma medicines and antibiotics.

    Treatment

    • Treatment for abnormal bicarbonate and potassium levels includes discontinuation of medications causing the abnormal levels, dietary changes and treatment of the underlying condition that is causing the abnormal levels.

    Warning

    • Individuals with severely high potassium levels have approximately a 67 percent mortality rate if left untreated.

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