Fetal Heart Problems

Fetal heart problems, otherwise known as congenital heart defects, are the most common genetic disorder and responsible for the most fetal deaths in the U.S. According to the March of Dimes, one out of every 125 infants are born with heart defects every year in the United States. A heart defect is an abnormality in any part of the heart that is present at birth.

Diagnosis of Heart Defects

• Heart defects are generally diagnosed by a pediatric cardiologist by an electrocardiogram or an echocardiogram. Heart defects can also be diagnosed before birth with an ultrasound, usually between 16 and 22 weeks in utero. An ultrasound is routinely given to pregnant women to monitor development of the fetus and to screen for any developmental abnormalities. If caught early enough, some heart defects can even be treated while in utero with surgery or other treatments.

The Causes of Fetal Heart Problems

• The cause of fetal heart problems can be genetic or environmental. If there is a family history of heart problems, tests can be done before pregnancy or early in pregnancy to determine risk factors of passing on these diseases. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxic substances such as paint fumes, certain medications, or the presence of diabetes in the mother are also a cause of fetal heart problems. Being overweight or obese in pregnancy can also contribute to the chances of an infant developing heart defects.

Prevention of Fetal Heart Problems

• Taking plenty of folic acid during pregnancy, avoiding toxic solvents and fumes, avoiding people with flu or fever, and adequate prenatal care all can contribute to a healthy pregnancy. It is also important to stop smoking and avoid any contact with secondhand smoke while pregnant.