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What Are the Causes of False PSA Readings?

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a hormone-like chemical given off by a cancerous male prostate gland. There are circumstances that can cause a high PSA result, however, even when no cancer is present.

  1. Function

    • The prostate gland is the male sexual organ responsible for producing seminal fluid. When injured, inflamed or infected, the gland produces an antigen that may be detected in the bloodstream.

    Significance

    • According to the American Cancer Society, about 27,000 men die each year from prostate cancer, and nearly 200,000 cases are diagnosed annually.

    Types

    • PSA testing has a 10 to 20 percent inaccuracy rate. Causes for false positives include normal swelling of the gland in men over 40 years of age; pressure injuries from contact sports or bicycle riding; and sexual activity within 48 hours of the exam.

    Effects

    • False positive PSA exams can lead to anxiety and more invasive medical procedures with increased risks, such as trans-rectal prostate biopsies, which cause bloody urine and pain that may last for days.

    Warnings

    • Though false positive results are common, arrange for a second PSA exam. Seek treatment if you have received two positives.

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