Define Lymphedema

Lymphedema is a swelling in one or both of the arms or legs. The incurable yet treatable medical condition occurs when lymph fluid is unable to properly drain from the limbs and builds up due to an obstruction in the lymphatic system.

Causes

• Primary lymphedema is an uncommon genetic condition resulting from improperly developed lymph vessels. Secondary lymphedema is caused by other conditions or diseases that damage the lymph vessels or lymph nodes.

Symptoms

• Swelling from lymphedema ranges from moderate and barely noticeable to severe and disabling. Other symptoms include a heavy or tight feeling, decreased range of motion, discomfort and persistent infection in the affected limb(s).

Diagnosis

• After eliminating other sources of swelling, doctors may perform imaging diagnostic tests to examine the lymphatic system. Procedures include computerized tomography scans, Doppler ultrasound, lymphoscintigraphy (radionuclide imaging) and magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment

• Because lymphedema is incurable, treatment involves techniques to manage swelling and related pain. They include exercises and massages and wearing bandages, compression attire or a pneumatic compression sleeve on the relevant limb(s).

Complications

• Lymphedema can cause major complications, including elephantiasis resulting from hard and thick skin, increased risk of infection and, in extreme cases, the soft tissue cancer lymphangiosarcoma.