Anal Fissure Diagnosis
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What is an Anal Fissure?
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An anal fissure is a common condition that causes pain when having bowel movements. It occurs when there is a tear in the lining of the lower rectum or the area more commonly known as the anus. This typically does not lead to any further serious conditions. Anal fissures are common in both women and men and affect all ages.
Causes
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Injury to the anal canal is the cause of anal fissures. Such injuries can be large stools trying to pass through the anal canal, straining during bowel movements, anal intercourse or childbirth. In some instances they can be caused by more serious conditions, for example Crohn's Disease, inflammatory bowel disease or HIV.
Symptoms
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A bowel movement that is characterized by burning, stinging and sharp pain most likely indicates the presence of an anal fissure. The pain may last for a few hours and can be severe. Fissures may have a yellowish discharge, itch, and bleed slightly. The bleeding will appear as a small spot of bright red blood on the toilet tissue or in the toilet bowl. It is not to be confused with dark red blood mixed with the stool, as this could be an indication of a more serious condition, such as colon polyps or diverticulosis.
Diagnosis
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Your doctor will most likely begin with a visual examination based on the symptoms you have presented. In addition, he may perform a digital exam using a gloved finger to explore the internal area. In addition, he may choose to use an anoscope. This is a short, lighted scope that assists in the examination of the anal canal. Unless absolutely necessary, your physician will most likely wait until the fissure is healing or has healed before performing the digital or anoscope exam. This exam can determine whether the fissures are being caused by conditions such as HIV, inflammatory bowel disease or other more serious conditions.
Treatment
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Most fissures can be treated at home. Sitz baths, soaking in warm shallow water, can be a soothing relief and are recommended between two and three times daily. It is important to prevent constipation which exacerbates the condition. This can be accomplished by adding fiber to the diet, drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, and if necessary, taking stool softeners. While the pain may disappear, it may be several weeks before the actual fissure completely heals.
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