What Are Balance Problems?

Most balance problems stem from the vestibular system, or the inner ear. To be able to balance normally, however, a number of body systems such as the visual, vestibular and muscular systems have to work together. When they do not, a number of different balance problems may occur. Symptoms of balance problems include spinning, dizziness, visual problems and falling. Balance problems, however, can be treated, which is important in leading a normal, active lifestyle.

Diagnosis

• People can be tested and diagnosed for balance problems by a number of specialists since more than one system affects balance. These include specialists in internal medicine, neurology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, audiology and physical medicine and rehabilitation. Vestibular and balance tests are usually given to diagnose the problem such as hearing tests, posturography tests, electronystagmography tests, rotary chair tests, Dix-Hallpike tests, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials tests, MRIs, CT scans, blood tests and cardiac function tests.

Causes

• Balance problems are caused by various conditions such as Ménière's disease, anxiety disorders and joint and muscle problems. Balance problems are also caused by medications, poor vision, balance disorders, a drop in blood pressure and brain tumors.

Types of Balance Problems

• The types of balance problems include vertigo, which is a false sense of motion or spinning; presyncope, which is a feeling of faintness; disequilibrium, which is a loss of balance; and light-headedness. Vertigo is caused by Inflammation in the inner ear, Meniere's disease, vestibular migraines, acoustic neuroma or motion sickness. Presyncope is caused by a drop in blood pressure or insufficient blood from the heart. Disequilibrium is caused by vestibular problems, joint and muscle problems or medications. Light-headedness is caused by vestibular problems, anxiety disorders and hyperventilation.

Treatment

• Vestibular rehabilitation, which is an exercise program that consists of balance activities and eye movement exercises, is the most common type of treatment option for balance problems. The exercises and activities help to compensate for imbalance and can help to relieve symptoms caused by an inner ear disorder.

  A key part of vestibular rehabilitation is fall prevention, which helps people with safety and independence. A doctor may suggest the use of a walking stick to help with balance and prevent injuries from falling. Additionally, an occupational therapist may discuss ways to keep safe at home and different assistive devices.

Prevention

• Older adults and seniors are more prone to balance problems due to poorer vision or nerve damage in the legs, which causes imbalance. Leading a healthy lifestyle, which includes regular exercise and a healthy diet, can reduce the risk of being diagnosed with balance problems. Doctors recommend eating foods low in sodium and avoiding caffeine and alcohol to help reduce the symptoms caused by balance problems.