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Black Tongue Disease

The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) says black hairy tongue (also known as black tongue and lingua nigra) is a very rare and harmless condition. Although black tongue may have an unsightly appearance, it usually goes away on its own without treatment.

  1. Description of Black Tongue

    • Black tongue is characterized by its dark brown or black discoloration and stained appearance along the surface of the tongue. The tongue may also appear hairy or furry. The benign condition may cause bad breath and a metallic taste in the mouth. Some people with black tongue may have an urge to gag.

    How Black Tongue Develops

    • Black tongue generally occurs when protrusions on the tongue called papillae (containing taste buds) grow longer and neglect to shed as they are designed to. This buildup makes the tongue appear furry or hairy. The discoloration associated with the condition is due to the accumulation of bacteria, debris and other organisms.

    Causes

    • According to the Mayo Clinic, the exact cause of black tongue is often uncertain. Possible triggers include insufficient oral hygiene, the freqeunt use of tobacco, and mouthwashes that contain peroxide, menthol or witch hazel.

      In addition, medications such as Pepto-Bismol that contain bismuth (a mineral that has beneficial effects in the intestinal tract) and changes in the amount of oral bacteria or yeast following the use of antibiotics may contribute to black tongue.

    Treatment

    • Although black tongue typically runs its course and goes away naturally, you may want to contact your doctor or dentist if you are worried about the look of your tongue or if your symptoms continue for longer than 10 days even though you are brushing your teeth and tongue two times per day.

      In the majority of cases medical treatment for black tongue is not necessary.

    Prevention

    • Regularly practicing good oral hygiene (brushing teeth and tongue after meals and flossing at least once a day) and eliminating possible triggers such as medications that contain bismuth help remedy black tongue.

      The National Institute of Health says a nutritious diet may also help prevent black tongue.

      It's also important to see your dentists regularly for oral exams and professional cleanings.

      Be sure to consult with your doctor before you stop taking any prescription medications.

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