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Medication for Tuberculosis Treatment

Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that usually infects the lungs, but can damage additional parts of the body. The bacteria are spread by sneezing and coughing. Tuberculosis affects approximately two billion people worldwide and can be a dormant or an active infection. Treatment is important because, when active, tuberculosis has a 60% mortality rate if the patient remains untreated. The following medications are used in combination to treat tuberculosis.

  1. Isoniazid

    • This medication works by killing bacteria. Other names for this medication are INH and Nydrazid. Isoniazid should be taken one to two hours after a meal. Patients should avoid eating foods containing tyramine such as chocolate, beer and aged cheese. A common side effect is peripheral neuropathy. Treatment can take months to years.

    Rifampin

    • This medication also works by killing bacteria. Other names of this medication are rifampicin, Rifadin and Rimactane. Rifampin is given in combination with other anti-tubercular medications. Patients should take this medication one to two hours after a meal, but can take it with a full glass of water and food if upset stomach occurs. Common side effects include drowsiness and orange discoloration of body fluids. This discoloration can stain contact lenses permanently.

    Ethambutol

    • This medication limits the growth of bacteria. Another name of this medication is Myambutol. Ethambutol is also given in conjunction with another anti-tubercular medications. Patients can take this medication with or without food. Common side effects are dizziness, fever and hallucinations. The hallucinations, if experienced, will disappear weeks to months after discontinuing the medication.

    Pyrazinamide

    • This medication works by killing bacteria. Common side effects are upset stomach, fatigue and skin sensitivity to sunlight. Pyrazinamide can be given in combination with other anti-tubercular medications.

    Warnings

    • Avoid alcohol with these anti-tubercular medications. Isoniazid, Rifampin and Pyrazinamide can cause liver damage with symptoms including loss of appetite, yellowish tint to skin and eyes, dark urine, general body discomfort, fever, nausea and vomiting. These symptoms should be reported your physician immediately. You must complete the full treatment schedule prescribed by your physician for the medications to be completely effective.

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