About High Potassium

High potassium levels in the blood is a condition also known as hyperkalemia. It can be fatal if left untreated. Potassium is normally found inside the cells but can move into the blood and build up to toxic quantities, eventually causing the heart to stop. It is an electrolyte the body needs for proper functioning, especially of the muscles and nervous system but an imbalance can harm the kidneys and heart.

Causes

• High blood potassium levels are mainly the result of problems with the kidneys, which maintain the balance of potassium. These problems can be the result of acute or chronic kidney failure, diabetes, glomerulo- or lupus- nephritis, or urinary tract problems. Traumatic tissue damage, gastrointestinal bleeding, major infection or rapid protein breakdown can also cause cells to suddenly release potassium into the bloodstream. Medications that affect potassium metabolism include ACE inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, potassium sparing diuretics, Angiotensin II receptor blockers, and potassium supplements.

Effects

• The effects of high potassium levels may not be felt until they reach dangerous levels. These effects can include nausea, uneven heartbeat, weak pulse, muscle weakness, faintness, fatigue, dizziness, and tingling in the fingers, toes and tongue. If left untreated it can lead to convulsions, seizures, paralysis and could cause the heart to stop.

Treatments

• Treatment of high potassium must be at a hospital and will include the use of insulin, glucose, beta agonists or sodium bicarbonate that encourages the movement of potassium back into the cells. Diuretics may be given to help excrete excess potassium. If the kidneys are compromised, dialysis may be required to filter excess potassium from the blood. Long-term treatment will include cutting out foods high in potassium such as bananas, potatoes or salmon. Medication can decrease blood potassium levels. Medication that can cause increased potassium levels such as ACE inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretics such as Aldactone, Bactrim or Dyrenium will be discontinued.

Considerations

• High potassium can be difficult to diagnose because there may be few or no symptoms. A blood test can fail if the red blood cells in the blood sample rupture during or after drawing the sample. Extra care should be taken with the sample if hyperkalemia is suspected, as time for diagnosis may be short.

Warning

• Severe high potassium levels can cause the heart to stop so contact a doctor or hospital immediately if you experience any of the symptoms, especially if you have kidney problems.