Gynecomastia FAQ

Gynecomastia is a condition characterized by overgrowth of the breast tissue in males that can develop at any age. While gynecomastia's only symptoms are enlarged and tender breasts, and it generally poses no health risks, it can lead to problems resulting from ongoing embarrassment and stress.

Causes

• Gynecomastia is caused by a hormonal imbalance, due either to testosterone deficiency or excess estrogen. Natural changes in hormones can be a cause, as can certain drugs and health conditions.

Drugs and Conditions

• Chemical substances that can cause gynecomastia include anti-androgens, anti-anxiety medications, tricyclic antidepressants, AIDS medications (especially Efavirenz), antibiotics, ulcer and heart medications, heroin, marijuana, anabolic steroids and amphetamines. Health conditions associated with gynecomastia include kidney and liver failure, cancer, hyperthyroidism and hypogonadism.

Diagnosis

• Gynecomastia is diagnosed by ruling out other possible causes of enlarged breasts. Your doctor will perform a physical examination, get your medical history and will ask what drugs you take. Blood tests, X-rays, mammograms, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasounds, breast tissue biopsies and other tests may be used to eliminate other possibilities.

Treatment

• Gynecomastia resulting from a natural hormone imbalance usually resolves itself. Sometimes, hormone therapy is needed. When underlying health conditions are the cause, they are treated. When medication is the cause, it can be changed or adjusted. Surgery (liposuction or mastectomy) is an option for cases resistant to any other treatment.

Coping

• The embarrassment caused by gynecomastia can be stressful and even lead to depression. Online support groups are available, talking to friends or family, and counseling are all effective options for coping with gynecomastia.