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What Are the Causes of Siadh?

SIADH is the abbreviation for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, a condition when there is excess antidiuretic hormone in the body. This hormone helps the kidneys conserve an appropriate level of water. SIADH causes the body to retain water, causing electrolytes and sodium levels to fall as well. SIADH often occurs in people with heart failure, certain cancers or diseased hypothalamus. Symptoms include confusion, stupor, nausea, vomiting, irritability, weight gain, loss of appetite, seizures and coma.

  1. Common Causes

    • There are a variety of causes for SIADH, incluing nervous system disorders, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, infection of the chest wall and lung disease. Certain cancers can also cause SIADH.

    Brain Disorder Causes

    • Brain disorders can cause SIADH. Meningitis is an infection or swelling of membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This is usually caused by a bacterial infection. SIADH can also be caused by encephalitis, which is the inflammation of the brain caused by the bite of an infected mosquito or by lead poisoning. Brain tumors and head trauma can also trigger SIADH. Psychosis, which is a major mental disorder caused by a physical or emotional source, is also considered a cause.

    Syndrome Causes

    • Guillain-Barre syndrome is the swelling of nerves caused by a viral infection. This can lead to paralysis and SIADH. Another cause is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS.

    Medication Causes

    • Certain medications that impair the output of liquid from the kidneys can also bring on SIADH.

    Treatment

    • Treatment depends on the cause of SIADH and the health of the patient. Usually fluid intake is restricted. This can be a temporary solution or permanent if the condition is ongoing. Medications that slow the production of antidiuretic hormones may be required.

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