|  | Conditions Treatments | Medical Conditions

Acute Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that is characterized by the presence of acute episodes of both mania and depression. The condition is progressive, and has no cure, although symptoms can often be successfully managed with appropriate, ongoing treatment. The National Institutes of Mental Health indicate that there are more than five and a half million people in the U.S. who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

  1. Types of Bipolar Disorder

    • There are three different types of bipolar disorder that vary primarily in the severity of symptoms. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by distinct, acute cycles of mania and depression, while bipolar II disorder is a somewhat milder form in which episodes of hypomania (less severe mania) cycle with episodes of depression. Mixed bipolar disorder differs in that patients experience symptoms of both mania and depression at the same time or cycle very quickly.

    Acute Manic Symptoms

    • A manic episode is a state of overexcitement and euphoria. Individuals in a manic state may be irritable or explosive, and engage in risky behaviors. Mania can also lead to racing thoughts and and an inability to slow down or stop moving. Because individuals are very impulsive during a manic episode, the risk for suicide greatly increases.

    Acute Depressive Symptoms

    • Symptoms that occur during an acute depressive episode include fatigue, lack of motivation, decreased pleasure in activities, difficulty sleeping and decreased appetite, and feelings of worthlessness and guilt. Some individuals may experience atypical depressive symptoms, including increased appetite and excessive sleeping, along with intensified feelings of rejection and sensitivity.

    Treatment

    • Although bipolar disorder is not curable, the majority of patients experience relief from symptoms with a comprehensive treatment program. Doctors may prescribe both medication, to address underlying problems with brain chemistry and to level out moods, and psychotherapy, which can help the patient develop better coping skills and increase understanding of his or her condition. Drugs prescribed may include lithium (a mood stabilizer), antidepressants, antipsychotics or benzodiazepines.

    Causes

    • Although the causes of bipolar disorder are not entirely clear, there do appear to be several predisposing factors. The risk of an individual suffering from bipolar disorder is increased if there is a history of mental illness in the family and if the individual has had problems with other kinds of mental illness, such as panic disorders or substance abuse. Exposure to stressful life experiences and trauma has also been linked to increased risk.

Medical Conditions - Related Articles