What Are the Causes of Halitosis in Children?

Adults aren't the only people that can be afflicted with bad breath. Children of all ages can be, too. Parents often worry that bad breath is a sign of a serious medical malady in the child, but usually it is not. Most of the time, the offensive breath problem can be quickly treated and easily prevented.

Description

• Halitosis, or bad breath, is described as exhaled air composed of more than 75 parts per billion of malodorous volatile sulfur compounds. Halitosis occurs when mucus discharge and bits of debris in the dental cavity decompose. Saliva is an important factor in preventing halitosis because it cleans and extinguishes microorganisms found within the mouth.

Causes

• In children, halitosis is usually caused by poor dental hygiene and postnasal drip. Other causes are dry mouth, allergies and sinusitis. Halitosis often forms on the back of the tongue. Some larger medical problems that can cause bad breath are problems with the liver, kidney and respiratory tract, sinus conditions and tonsillitis; if you feel your child has a medical problem, schedule a doctor visit for your youngster. Some antibiotics and medication may cause a yeast infection in children that can produce halitosis.

Diagnosis

• A doctor will diagnose halitosis using three steps: Completion of a full medical history; performance of a physical examination and a complete oral and dental analysis; and the measuring of halitosis through an organoleptic method and instrumental reading. The organoleptic method is two parts: First, the doctor's perception of the patient's exhalation using a five-point scale; second, the measurement of the tongue's odor by gently rubbing the back of the tongue with a plastic spoon and evaluating the odor on the spoon. A halimeter measures the odors.

Treatment

• Treatment includes gentle daily cleaning of the back of the tongue, and routine brushing and flossing. For halitosis caused by dry mouth, children should drink plenty of sugar-free fluids.

Prevention

• To prevent halitosis from occurring, children should brush their teeth three times a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush, giving special attention to the back part of the tongue. Also, children should use dental floss every day; caregivers need to help children younger than 8 years old with flossing. To stimulate the flow of saliva, children should eat a healthy breakfast, consume foods high in fiber and rinse frequently with water. Finally, children should visit a dentist and a physician regularly for routine check-ups.