Leaking Spinal Fluid From a Spinal Tap

Cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, is a protective liquid surrounding the brain and spine. Certain injuries or procedures, such as a lumbar puncture, can cause a leakage of spinal fluid. In some cases, a serious infection may develop if the leakage is left untreated.

Description

• A CSF leak is characterized by the drainage of clear liquid in the ear, nose or throat, according to the UC Irvine Department of Otolaryngology.

Cause

• A lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, is performed to collect a sample of CSF for diagnosis of certain medical conditions. As the body continues to produce fluid, leakage can occur at the puncture site after the procedure.

Symptoms

• Nausea and headaches, especially when sitting upright, are common symptoms. Fluid drainage through the ear can cause hearing complications. Other symptoms, such as tinnitus or blurred vision may occur depending on the severity of the leak.

Dangers

• Cerebrospinal fluid can transfer bacteria to the brain as it drains. As a result, an infection such as meningitis can develop and lead to greater medical complications.

Treatment

• If a leakage does not resolve spontaneously, physicians use a blood patch to clot the puncture area. Standard painkillers are used to handle headaches associated with a CSF leak. Surgery is necessary in rare cases.