What Is Amenorrhea? What Causes It?

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. It is a common problem, affecting up to 5% of women of reproductive age. There are two main types of amenorrhea:

* Primary amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods by the age of 16 in women who have not yet developed secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and pubic hair growth.

* Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods for at least 3 months in women who have already had menstrual periods.

What causes amenorrhea?

There are many possible causes of amenorrhea, including:

* Pregnancy is the most common cause of amenorrhea.

* Hypothalamic-pituitary disorders: The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are two glands in the brain that control the menstrual cycle. Disorders of these glands can lead to amenorrhea.

* Thyroid disorders: Thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, can cause amenorrhea.

* PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome): PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can cause amenorrhea, as well as other symptoms, such as acne, hirsutism, and weight gain.

* Premature menopause: Premature menopause is the cessation of menstrual periods before the age of 40. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, autoimmune disorders, and chemotherapy.

* Medications: Certain medications, such as birth control pills, chemotherapy drugs, and antidepressants, can cause amenorrhea.

* Stress: Severe stress can disrupt the menstrual cycle and lead to amenorrhea.

* Eating disorders: Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, can cause amenorrhea.

* Weight loss: Rapid weight loss can lead to amenorrhea.

* Exercise: Excessive exercise can cause amenorrhea.

When to see a doctor

If you have amenorrhea, it is important to see a doctor to determine the cause. This is especially important if you are trying to conceive a child. Your doctor will likely order some tests, such as a blood test, urine test, and ultrasound, to help diagnose the cause of your amenorrhea.

Treatment

The treatment for amenorrhea depends on the underlying cause. If the cause is a medical condition, such as a thyroid disorder or PCOS, treating that condition will usually resolve the amenorrhea. In other cases, such as stress or eating disorders, lifestyle changes may be enough to restore menstrual cycles. If the cause of amenorrhea is unknown, your doctor may recommend hormonal therapy to induce menstrual periods.