What Is Hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia is a medical condition in which there is too much potassium in the blood. The normal range for potassium is 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Hyperkalemia occurs when the potassium level is greater than 5.5 mmol/L.

Potassium is an important mineral that is involved in many bodily functions, including regulating the heartbeat, muscles contractions, and fluid balance. Too much potassium can disrupt these functions and can lead to serious health problems, including heart arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and paralysis.

Hyperkalemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Kidney disease: The kidneys are responsible for removing excess potassium from the blood. When the kidneys are damaged, they may not be able to remove enough potassium, leading to hyperkalemia.

* Certain medications: Some medications, such as potassium-sparing diuretics, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, can cause hyperkalemia.

* Addison's disease: Addison's disease is a disorder of the adrenal glands that can lead to hyperkalemia.

* Diabetic ketoacidosis: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a complication of diabetes that can cause hyperkalemia.

* Tissue damage: Tissue damage, such as from a crush injury or surgery, can release potassium into the blood, leading to hyperkalemia.

Hyperkalemia can be a serious medical condition, and it should be treated promptly. Treatment may include:

* Restricting potassium intake

* Taking medications to lower potassium levels

* Hemodialysis: Hemodialysis is a procedure that removes waste products and excess fluids from the blood. It can be used to treat hyperkalemia.

Hyperkalemia can be prevented by:

* Eating a healthy diet that is low in potassium

* Avoiding medications that can cause hyperkalemia

* Managing underlying medical conditions that can lead to hyperkalemia