What Can Cause a B12 Deficiency?

Vitamin B12 deficiency can result from several factors, including:

1. Insufficient Intake: A strict vegan or vegetarian diet without proper supplementation can lead to B12 deficiency as B12 is primarily found in animal-based foods.

2. Malabsorption: Certain conditions can affect the absorption of B12. These include:

- Pernicious anemia: An autoimmune condition where the body fails to produce enough intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for B12 absorption.

- Celiac disease: An immune reaction to gluten that can damage the small intestine, impairing nutrient absorption.

- Crohn's disease and other digestive disorders: These conditions can also damage the small intestine and affect nutrient absorption.

- Gastrectomy: Surgical removal of part of the stomach, where intrinsic factor is produced, can lead to B12 deficiency.

- Intestinal surgeries: Other surgeries involving the small intestine can also affect B12 absorption.

3. Increased B12 Requirements: Some individuals have a higher B12 requirement due to specific conditions, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, rapid growth in children and adolescents, or certain medical conditions.

4. Medications: Certain medications can interfere with the absorption or utilization of vitamin B12, such as metformin (used for diabetes), proton pump inhibitors (used for acid reflux), and certain antibiotics.

5. Certain Medical Conditions: Some chronic conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, thyroid disease, HIV/AIDS, and cancer, can affect B12 absorption or metabolism.

6. Aging: Elderly individuals are at higher risk of B12 deficiency due to reduced stomach acid production, which can impact B12 absorption.

It's important to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect a vitamin B12 deficiency or have specific risk factors. They can properly diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include dietary changes, supplements, or medical interventions.