Hyperkalemia How Your

Potassium is a mineral that plays a vital role in many important body functions, such as regulating blood pressure, heart function, and muscle contractions. However, when potassium levels in the blood become too high, a condition called hyperkalemia can occur. This can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

* Muscle weakness or paralysis

* Numbness or tingling sensations

* Nausea and vomiting

* Diarrhea

* Abdominal pain

* Irregular heartbeat

* Confusion

* Seizures

In severe cases, hyperkalemia can be fatal.

Causes of Hyperkalemia

There are a number of factors that can contribute to hyperkalemia, including:

* Kidney disease: The kidneys are responsible for filtering potassium from the blood. If the kidneys are not functioning properly, potassium levels can build up in the blood.

* Certain medications: Some medications, such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics, can cause hyperkalemia.

* Addison's disease: Addison's disease is a disorder that affects the adrenal glands. This can lead to a decrease in the production of aldosterone, a hormone that helps the body regulate potassium levels.

* Diabetic ketoacidosis: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that can occur when the body does not have enough insulin. This can lead to a build-up of potassium in the blood.

* Tissue damage: When cells are damaged, they can release potassium into the bloodstream. This can occur with conditions such as crush injuries, burns, and muscle damage.

Treatment for Hyperkalemia

The treatment for hyperkalemia depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Treatment may include:

* Restricting potassium intake: This may involve avoiding foods that are high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, and potatoes.

* Diuretics: Diuretics are medications that help the body remove excess fluid and potassium from the bloodstream.

* Insulin: Insulin can help the body move potassium into cells.

* Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kionex): This medication binds to potassium in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents it from being absorbed into the bloodstream.

* Hemodialysis: Hemodialysis is a procedure that uses a machine to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood.

Preventing Hyperkalemia

There are a few things you can do to help prevent hyperkalemia, including:

* Eating a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

* Limiting your intake of foods that are high in potassium.

* Avoiding certain medications that can cause hyperkalemia.

* Managing your underlying health conditions, such as kidney disease and diabetes.

If you have any of the symptoms of hyperkalemia, it is important to see your doctor right away.