How many people are affected by diphtheria today?

As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, diphtheria is a rare disease in most parts of the world due to the widespread use of effective vaccines.

However, it's important to note that these numbers may change over time, and it is always best to refer to the latest data provided by credible health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO).

Here is a summary of diphtheria cases as reported by the WHO:

- In 2018, there were 2,012 reported cases of diphtheria worldwide.

- In 2019, the number of reported cases decreased to 1,430.

- In 2020, only 695 cases were reported.

These figures represent a significant decline in diphtheria cases compared to previous decades, thanks to vaccination efforts and improvements in public health. However, diphtheria can still occur in areas with low vaccination coverage, poor sanitation, or inadequate medical care.

Regions that have historically been affected by diphtheria include:

- Southeast Asia

- South Asia

- Africa

- Eastern Mediterranean

Outbreaks can still occur, particularly in conflict-affected areas, refugee camps, or among vulnerable populations with limited access to healthcare.

The spread of diphtheria is primarily through close contact with an infected person or by contact with contaminated objects. It is caused by the bacterium _Corynebacterium diphtheriae_, which can cause severe respiratory symptoms and other complications.

Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent diphtheria. The diphtheria vaccine is usually given in combination with other vaccines such as tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough) as part of routine childhood immunization programs.

In summary, while the number of diphtheria cases has decreased significantly worldwide due to vaccination efforts, the disease can still occur in certain regions and among vulnerable populations. It is essential to maintain high vaccination rates and continue efforts to improve public health to fully eradicate diphtheria.