When does acid reflux affect the body?

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus. This can cause a burning sensation, pain, and inflammation. Acid reflux can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in adults over 50.

There are a number of factors that can contribute to acid reflux, including:

* Hiatal hernia: This is a condition in which the stomach protrudes through an opening in the diaphragm.

* Weak lower esophageal sphincter (LES): The LES is a muscle that acts as a valve between the stomach and esophagus. When the LES is weak, it can allow stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

* Increased abdominal pressure: This can be caused by obesity, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions.

* Certain foods and beverages: Some foods and beverages, such as fatty foods, spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine, can relax the LES and cause acid reflux.

Acid reflux can cause a number of symptoms, including:

* Heartburn: This is a burning sensation in the chest that can travel up the neck.

* Regurgitation: This is the passage of stomach contents back into the mouth.

* Nausea: This is a feeling of queasiness or sickness.

* Vomiting: This is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth.

* Difficulty swallowing: This can be caused by inflammation or scarring of the esophagus.

* Chronic cough: This can be caused by irritation of the airways by stomach acid.

* Hoarseness: This can be caused by inflammation of the vocal cords by stomach acid.

Acid reflux can also lead to a number of serious complications, including:

* Esophagitis: This is inflammation of the esophagus.

* Barrett's esophagus: This is a condition in which the cells of the esophagus change in response to chronic acid reflux. Barrett's esophagus can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.

* Esophageal cancer: This is a type of cancer that occurs in the esophagus.

If you are experiencing symptoms of acid reflux, it is important to see a doctor to get a diagnosis and treatment plan.