What causes complex migraine?
Complex migraine, also known as atypical or complicated migraine, is characterized by neurological symptoms other than the typical severe throbbing pain in one side of the head. The aura or accompanying symptoms in complex migraines can involve vision changes, sensory disturbances, motor symptoms, or speech difficulties. The exact causes of complex migraine are not fully understood, but several factors are believed to play a role.
1. Genetic Predisposition: Like other types of migraine, there is a genetic component to complex migraine, suggesting an inherited susceptibility. Certain gene variants may affect brain function and increase the risk of developing complex migraine.
2. Brain Abnormalities: Some individuals with complex migraine have been found to have structural abnormalities in the brain, particularly in areas involving sensory processing and pain modulation. These abnormalities can lead to altered brain activity and increased sensitivity to migraine triggers.
3. Dysregulation of Neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, play a significant role in migraine, including complex migraine, by affecting brain activity and blood vessel function. An imbalance or disruption of serotonin and other neurotransmitters can contribute to migraine attacks.
4. Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Changes: Complex migraine is often associated with hormonal fluctuations in women. The decline in estrogen levels just before and during menstruation may trigger headaches and neurological symptoms in these individuals.
5. Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD): CSD is a phenomenon where a wave of neuronal depolarization spreads across the cerebral cortex. This abnormal brain activity is believed to underlie the progression and symptoms of migraine, including the aura in complex migraine.
6. Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation: The autonomic nervous system, responsible for involuntary body functions, may play a role in complex migraine. Dysregulation of this system can lead to disruptions in blood vessel function and increased sensitivity to pain.
7. Environmental and Lifestyle Factors: Certain triggers, such as stress, changes in sleep patterns, certain foods, dehydration, and exposure to bright light, can also contribute to complex migraine attacks.
8. Inflammatory Processes: Some research suggests that inflammation within the brain and nervous system may play a role in migraine. The complex interaction of inflammatory mediators and the trigeminovascular system, involved in pain processing, can lead to migraine attacks.
It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and personalized management plan as complex migraine can be complex and requires specific treatment strategies.