What are these bumps on your scalp during a migraine headache?

Tender bumps or nodules on your scalp, neck, shoulders, or back during a migraine headache are known as migraine nodules. These nodules are a rare symptom that affect a small percentage of individuals who experience migraines.

Migraine nodules are typically small, firm, and localized swellings that can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. They are usually tender to the touch and can cause discomfort or pain. The nodules may appear during the prodrome phase of a migraine, before the headache pain becomes severe, or they can develop during the headache itself.

The exact cause of migraine nodules is not fully understood, but they are thought to be related to the complex neurovascular mechanisms that underlie migraines. Some theories suggest that changes in blood flow and increased inflammation in the tissues surrounding the scalp and neck muscles during a migraine attack can lead to the formation of these nodules.

Migraine nodules are usually harmless and do not require specific treatment. They tend to resolve spontaneously within a few hours or days as the migraine headache subsides. However, if the nodules cause significant pain or discomfort, you can take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to manage the symptoms.

If you experience migraine nodules for the first time, it's important to see a healthcare professional for evaluation, especially if you've never had migraines before. Your doctor can help determine if the nodules are indeed migraine-related and provide appropriate treatment recommendations for your migraines.