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Medicines for Migraines

Although migraines take several forms, they most often occur as a throbbing, one-sided headache accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Some patients experience a visual disturbance called an aura before the headache, and others may experience irritability and confusion in the days leading up to or following an attack. Although researchers are uncertain as to the cause of migraines, several types of medicines are available to help with the symptoms.

  1. Pain Relievers

    • Over-the-counter drugs such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen and aspirin can help relieve the pain of minor to moderate migraines headaches. Medications which include caffeine may bring faster pain relief. A drawback of ibuprofen is that it may cause stomach upset in some people.

    Triptans

    • Triptans are serotonin agonists, drugs which activate serotonin receptors. They not only help relieve the migraine headache, but they also relieve other symptoms of migraines such as sensitivity to light, nausea and sensitivity to sound. Triptans come in tablet form, and some types are also available as dissolving wafers, sprays and shots. Ironically, nausea is a side effect of these medicines, as is dizziness and a feeling of muscle weakness. Do not take them if you've been told you are at risk for a heart attack or stroke.

    Tricyclic Antidepressants

    • While some antidepressants such as Zoloft and Prozac do nothing to treat migraine symptoms, a certain class called tricyclic antidepressants are among the first treatments your doctor might consider, according to Jerry W. Swanson, M.D., a neurologist with the Mayo Clinic. Physicians believe these drugs work by affecting levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter used by cells in the central nervous system to transmit impulses. Side effects can include dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness and constipation.

    Feverfew

    • Feverfew is often used as a remedy for migraines in complementary medicine. It is a common herb across North America and has been shown to provide relief to sufferers of migraine if taken daily. The general dosage for an adult is 100 to 300 mg up to four times a day. Feverfew supplements can be found in health-food stores. Side effects can include digestive disturbances and possibly mouth ulcers if feverfew is taken in leaf form and chewed. As it can cause you to bleed more than usual, do not take feverfew if you have a bleeding disorder or if you are taking blood thinners.

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