What causes optic migraine?

The exact cause of optic migraines is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to their occurrence. Some potential causes and contributing factors include:

1. Neural Excitability: Individuals who experience optic migraines may have an increased excitability of the neurons in their visual cortex, which can lead to abnormal electrical activity in the brain and trigger migraine symptoms.

2. Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD): CSD is a wave of electrical depolarization that spreads across the cerebral cortex. It's believed that CSD may be involved in the development of migraine aura symptoms, including visual disturbances such as scintillating scotomas.

3. Genetics: There appears to be a genetic component to optic migraines, as the condition tends to run in families. Certain genetic variations may make individuals more susceptible to experiencing migraines.

4. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women during their menstrual cycle, have been linked to an increased likelihood of optic migraines.

5. Environmental Factors: Certain environmental triggers, such as bright or flickering lights, stress, dehydration, certain foods or food additives, and changes in sleep patterns, can contribute to triggering optic migraines.

It's important to note that while these factors may increase the risk or contribute to optic migraines, they might not be the sole cause. Optic migraines can be challenging to diagnose and may require a thorough examination and discussion with a healthcare professional to accurately identify the underlying cause and develop a suitable management plan.