|  | Conditions Treatments | Migraines

Migraine Preventive Medication

Migraines were once thought to be headaches, possibly related to vascular constriction in the head. Sufferers experience vomiting, visual changes, sensitivity to light and sound and moderate to severe pain. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), migraines are now categorized among neurological disorders and can be triggered by foods, smoke, bright lights, weather changes and the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG). Due to the research being conducted into migraine causes, there are several medications that physicians can prescribe that can help to prevent migraines before they start.

  1. Beta-Blockers

    • Conventionally, beta-blockers have been prescribed for high blood pressure. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, beta blockers are now also used to reduce the frequency of the migraines as well as lessen their severity. The Food and Drug Association (FDA) approved beta-blockers such as timolol and propranolol for use in the prevention of migraines. Researchers are still looking into the efficacy of nadolol, atenolol and metoprolol.

      There are potential side effects with beta-blockers, which can include fatigue, memory loss, nightmares or vivid dreams and dizziness. In some people, exercise activities must be limited.

    Anti-Seizure Medications

    • For seizures, this class of medications affect the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter, which keeps the nerves from firing too much or too often. For migraines, the anti-seizure medication divalproex sodium prevents or curtails the neurological conditions that cause migraines. The FDA approved divalproex sodium for use in prevention of migraines in 2000 (in its extended release formulation). Birth defects can occur if pregnant women take this medicine. Other side effects can include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weight gain and cramps.

      Topiramate is another anti-seizure medication being used as a preventive measure and for long-term use and works similarly to divalproex sodium. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the most commonly reported side effect is tingling of the extremities.

    Antidepressant Medicines

    • This class of medications has been in use for several years for the prevention of migraines. According to the Mayo Clinic, tricyclic medications such as amitriptyline, nortriptyline and protriptyline can be particularly effective in migraine prevention. They are thought to regulate serotonin levels in your brain. Some of the side effects of these medications can include dry mouth, nausea, fast heart rate (tachycardia) and drowsiness.

Migraines - Related Articles