What is scleroderma?

Scleroderma is a chronic, autoimmune disease that affects the skin, blood vessels, and internal organs. It is characterized by the hardening (sclerosis) and thickening of the skin due to excessive production and deposition of collagen, a protein that provides strength and structure to the skin.

Scleroderma is a systemic disease, meaning it can affect multiple systems and organs in the body, including the skin, blood vessels, joints, muscles, digestive tract, lungs, heart, and kidneys.

There are two main types of scleroderma:

1. Localized scleroderma: This type primarily affects the skin and is limited to a specific area of the body. It is further classified into:

- Morphea: Characterized by patches of thickened, hardened skin that may appear white, red, or purple.

- Linear scleroderma: Causes a band of thickened skin that usually follows a line on the body, often on the arms or legs.

- Generalized morphea: A rare form involving multiple patches of morphea over a larger area of the body.

2. Systemic scleroderma: This type affects the skin and internal organs. It is further categorized into:

- Limited cutaneous systemic scleroderma: Also known as CREST syndrome, it primarily affects the skin, along with limited involvement of internal organs such as the esophagus, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.

- Diffuse cutaneous systemic scleroderma: Involves widespread thickening and hardening of the skin, along with significant internal organ involvement, particularly the lungs, kidneys, heart, and digestive system.

Scleroderma is a complex and highly variable disease, with症状and progression varying widely among individuals. The exact cause of scleroderma is still not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic factors, environmental triggers, and an overactive immune system that leads to the excessive production of collagen.