What is aortic sclerosis?

Aortic sclerosis refers to the stiffening of the aortic walls, which are the walls of the largest blood vessel in the body, the aorta. This condition is characterised by the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the aortic walls, leading to reduced blood flow and increased pressure within the aorta.

Causes:

Aortic sclerosis can be caused by several factors, including:

- Ageing: It is commonly observed as part of the natural ageing process and is more prevalent in older adults.

- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Chronic hypertension puts strain on the aortic walls, leading to their thickening and stiffening.

- Atherosclerosis: This condition involves the build-up of fatty plaques (atheromas) in the arteries, including the aorta. Atherosclerosis can contribute to aortic sclerosis.

- Certain Medical Conditions: Aortic sclerosis can also be associated with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, kidney disease, and certain hormonal disorders.

Symptoms:

In many cases, aortic sclerosis may not cause any noticeable symptoms, especially in its early stages. However, as the condition progresses, it can lead to various symptoms, including:

- Chest pain (angina)

- Shortness of breath

- Fatigue

- Dizziness or lightheadedness

- Palpitations (rapid heart rate)

- Reduced pulse strength in the legs

Treatment:

Treatment for aortic sclerosis typically focuses on managing the underlying causes and preventing complications. It may include lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, a heart-healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and controlling blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels. Medications may also be prescribed to manage these factors and reduce the risk of complications. In severe cases, surgical interventions such as aortic valve replacement or bypass surgery may be necessary.