Information About MS

Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a potentially severe autoimmune disease wherein the body's own immune system damages the nerves of the brain and spinal cord. When a person has MS, his immune system will attack and destroy the protective coating of a fatty substance called myelin that covers all the nerves of our nervous system. Without this coating, the electrical signals transmitted throughout the brain and spinal cord are interrupted, meaning the brain cannot communicate with the rest of the body effectively.

Symptoms

• Symptoms of MS can vary depending on where the nerve damage has taken place and can range in severity from minor physical annoyances to major disabilities. Some common early symptoms include difficulty walking, sensory abnormalities such as tingling or numbness, or eye and vision problems. Muscle weakness and fatigue are also common signs of damaged nerves. Symptoms can worsen with an increase in body temperature, as this slows nerve impulse conduction.

Diagnosis

• Diagnosing MS isn't as simple as checking off a list of symptoms, as there are numerous other conditions that can masquerade as the disease, such as vitamin deficiency, lupus or a brain infection. To properly diagnose MS, it is important to see a neurologist who specializes in treating the disease for evaluation. The doctor will record your medical history and perform a neurological exam, possibly including imaging techniques such as an MRI or spinal tap for additional information.

Types

• There are two rare types of MS---Devic's Syndrome and Schilder's Disease. Devic's Syndrome involves the breakdown of myelin on the spinal cord and inflammation of the optic nerve. Its course is severe and rapid, and sufferers may experience some form of vision impairment and degrees of paralysis. Schilder's Disease usually begins in childhood, whereas traditional MS usually develops after age 20. Symptoms of Schilder's Disease include dementia, seizures and tremors.

Treatment

• The type of treatment administered depends on the nerves damaged and the severity of symptoms, but there are certain drugs typically prescribed in order to relieve symptoms and slow the course of the disease, such as corticosteriods (which reduces inflammation) and interferons (these appear to slow the rate of worsening symtpoms). As with all prescription drugs, there are side effects to consider, and should be carefully weighed against the possible benefits of the medication.

Coping

• Since there is no cure for multiple sclerosis, the symptoms must be managed for the rest of your life. This diagnosis can cause a wide range of emotions and a whole host of questions. Talk to your doctor, family and friends about how you're feeling and never turn away support offered. Try to maintain a normal life and continue with your daily activities as best you can.