What body parts does Turner Syndrome affect?

Turner syndrome primarily affects the development and functioning of several body parts, including:

Ovaries: Turner syndrome is characterized by the absence of one or both of the ovaries. This leads to the underproduction or complete absence of sex hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, which are responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Uterus: The uterus, which is the organ where a fetus grows during pregnancy, is typically underdeveloped in individuals with Turner syndrome. This can lead to fertility problems and the inability to carry a pregnancy to term.

Fallopian tubes: The fallopian tubes, which are responsible for transporting eggs from the ovaries to the uterus, may also be underdeveloped or absent in individuals with Turner syndrome.

Breast tissue: Breast development may be impaired in individuals with Turner syndrome due to the lack of estrogen. The breasts may not fully grow or develop normally, and breast tissue may be sparse.

Lymphatic system: Turner syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing certain lymphatic system abnormalities, such as lymphedema. Lymphedema occurs when lymph fluid accumulates in the body, causing swelling in the limbs, particularly the hands, feet, and ankles.

Kidney problems: Individuals with Turner syndrome may have an increased risk of developing kidney abnormalities, including kidney failure and other renal problems.

Skeletal abnormalities: Turner syndrome can affect bone growth and development, leading to skeletal abnormalities such as short stature, broad shoulders, a narrow chest, and bowed legs.

Heart defects: Turner syndrome is associated with a higher incidence of certain heart defects, such as aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve, and coarctation of the aorta.

Hearing loss: Hearing loss is a common symptom of Turner syndrome and can range from mild to severe. It is often associated with ear infections and malformations of the inner ear.

It is important to note that not all individuals with Turner syndrome will experience all of these symptoms or complications. The severity and specific manifestations of Turner syndrome can vary from person to person. Regular monitoring and medical care are essential for managing the condition and addressing any associated health concerns.