What happens when lactic acid accumulates in the muscle?

When lactic acid accumulates in the muscles, it can lead to a condition called muscle fatigue or acidosis. It occurs when the body breaks down glucose for energy during intense exercise or physical activity. Here's what happens when lactic acid accumulates in the muscles:

1. Muscle Fatigue: Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, which occurs when the body does not have enough oxygen to meet the demands of intense exercise. As lactic acid accumulates, it can cause muscle fibers to become fatigued, leading to a decrease in strength and endurance.

2. Muscle Pain and Soreness: Lactic acid can also cause muscle pain and soreness, especially after strenuous exercise or unaccustomed physical activity. The pain and soreness are usually temporary and typically resolve within a few days as the body clears the lactic acid.

3. Reduced Performance: Accumulation of lactic acid can affect athletic performance by causing fatigue and reducing the ability to sustain high-intensity exercise. Athletes who experience muscle fatigue may find it more difficult to perform at their peak during prolonged or intense activities.

4. Burning Sensation: Lactic acid buildup can cause a burning sensation in the muscles during intense exercise. This sensation is often described as a "burning" or "stinging" feeling and is a sign of muscle fatigue.

5. Muscle Damage: In extreme cases, excessive lactic acid accumulation can lead to muscle damage and inflammation. This can occur during prolonged or very intense exercise, especially if the muscles are not properly conditioned.

6. Recovery and Clearance: After exercise, the body clears lactic acid through several mechanisms. One way is through the liver, which converts lactic acid back into glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. Another pathway involves the conversion of lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water, which are then eliminated from the body.

It's important to note that lactic acid accumulation is a natural consequence of intense exercise and does not necessarily indicate a health problem. However, persistent muscle pain or soreness, especially if it interferes with daily activities, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.