What are the answers to Review Sheet 15 Gross Anatomy of Muscular System?

Review Sheet 15 Gross Anatomy of Muscular System

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of the following is not a type of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, or cardiac?

(A) Skeletal

(B) Smooth

(C) Cardiac

(D) Voluntary

2. Which of the following is the largest muscle in the human body?

(A) Gluteus maximus

(B) Quadriceps femoris

(C) Erector spinae

(D) Pectoralis major

3. Which of the following muscles is responsible for elevating the arm?

(A) Deltoid

(B) Biceps brachii

(C) Triceps brachii

(D) Pectoralis major

4. Which of the following muscles is responsible for extending the knee?

(A) Quadriceps femoris

(B) Hamstrings

(C) Gluteus maximus

(D) Gastrocnemius

5. Which of the following muscles is responsible for flexing the ankle?

(A) Tibialis anterior

(B) Peroneus longus

(C) Gastrocnemius

(D) Soleus

6. Which of the following terms refers to the point at which a muscle attaches to a bone?

(A) Origin

(B) Insertion

(C) Tendon

(D) Ligament

7. Which of the following terms refers to the point at which a muscle crosses a joint?

(A) Origin

(B) Insertion

(C) Tendon

(D) Ligament

8. Which of the following terms refers to the connective tissue that surrounds a muscle?

(A) Fascia

(B) Tendon

(C) Ligament

(D) Periosteum

9. Which of the following terms refers to the type of muscle contraction that occurs when the muscle fibers shorten?

(A) Isotonic contraction

(B) Isometric contraction

(C) Concentric contraction

(D) Eccentric contraction

10. Which of the following terms refers to the type of muscle contraction that occurs when the muscle fibers lengthen?

(A) Isotonic contraction

(B) Isometric contraction

(C) Concentric contraction

(D) Eccentric contraction

Answers:

1. (D)

2. (A)

3. (A)

4. (A)

5. (A)

6. (A)

7. (B)

8. (A)

9. (C)

10. (D)

Short Answer Questions:

11. Describe the three types of muscle tissue.

- Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated, and is attached to bones.

- Smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated, and is found in the walls of internal organs.

- Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, and is found in the heart.

12. What are the three main functions of muscles?

- Move bones and joints

- Maintain posture

- Generate heat

13. What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist muscle?

- Agonist muscles are the muscles that contract to produce a movement, while antagonist muscles are the muscles that relax to allow the movement to occur.

14. What is the difference between an origin and an insertion?

- The origin is the point at which a muscle attaches to a relatively immovable bone, while the insertion is the point at which a muscle attaches to a movable bone.

15. Describe the process of muscle contraction.

- Muscle contraction occurs when the muscle fibers receive a signal from the nervous system. This signal causes calcium ions to be released into the muscle fibers, which bind to proteins called troponin and tropomyosin. This causes the troponin and tropomyosin to change shape, which allows the muscle fibers to slide past each other and contract.

16. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

- Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces lactic acid as a waste product.

17. What is the difference between a muscle twitch and a muscle tet