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Definition of Muscle Spasm

A muscle spasm is defined as "an involuntary and abnormal muscular contraction," according to Merriam-Webster. Princeton University defines it as "a painful and involuntary muscular contraction."

  1. Etymology

    • According to the Oxford English Dictionary, "spasm" is from the French "spasme," similar to "espasme" originating from the Provençal region in southern France, known for its Romance language. The Latin form is masculine--spasmus, neutral--spasma; from the Greek, "spasmos," meaning a convulsion from "span," meaning to draw, tug.

    History

    • Merriam-Webster dates its use back to the 14th century. The Oxford English Dictionary records its first use around circa 1400.

    Synonyms

    • Synonyms of muscle spasm include cramp, crick, charley horse, knot and spasm.

    Causes

    • According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, nerve irritation, dehydration, mineral deficiency, muscle injury or muscle overexertion are among the common causes of muscle spasms.

    Treatment

    • Muscle stretching and massage and alternating hot and cold packs may provide immediate relief to muscle cramps. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antispasm medications are available for pain and severe muscle spasms, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.

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