What is neck mass?

Neck mass refers to an abnormal swelling or enlargement in the neck area. It can vary in size, consistency, and location and may be visible or palpable. Neck masses can arise from different tissues and structures in the neck, including muscles, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, salivary glands, and other organs.

Identifying the cause of a neck mass is important to determine its significance and appropriate management. Here are some common causes of neck masses:

1. Swollen Lymph Nodes: Enlarged lymph nodes are a frequent cause of neck masses, especially in children. Lymph nodes are part of the body's immune system and can swell in response to infections, inflammation, or certain diseases.

2. Thyroid Nodules and Goiter: Nodules are abnormal growths in the thyroid gland, and when multiple nodules occur, it is referred to as a goiter. Thyroid nodules can be benign or cancerous and may cause neck swelling.

3. Salivary Gland Issues: Problems with the salivary glands, which produce saliva, can lead to neck masses. Salivary gland infections, inflammation, or tumors can cause swelling in the neck area.

4. Muscle-Related Masses: Neck muscles can develop strains, injuries, or tumors that can manifest as neck masses.

5. Cysts and Lipomas: Cysts are sac-like structures filled with fluid or other materials, and lipomas are benign fatty growths. They can occur in the neck region and cause swelling.

6. Infections: Infections of various kinds, such as bacterial or viral infections, can lead to neck masses due to inflammation and swelling of tissues.

7. Branchial Cleft Cysts and Fistulas: These are congenital (present from birth) abnormalities that arise during embryonic development. They can manifest as neck masses or sinus tracts.

8. Cancerous Masses: While less common, neck masses can also be a sign of cancerous tumors. These may arise from tissues in the neck or result from the spread of cancer from other parts of the body (metastasis).

9. Other Rare Causes: Rarer causes of neck masses can include vascular issues (such as enlarged blood vessels), nerve masses (neuromas), or ectopic thyroid tissue (thyroid tissue located outside of the usual thyroid gland position).

It is essential to seek medical evaluation if you notice a neck mass or experience unexplained neck swelling. Your healthcare provider can assess the mass, determine its cause, and recommend appropriate management or further diagnostic tests if necessary.