What are facts on scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a complex condition that can cause the spine to curve sideways, leading to a range of symptoms and potential health complications. Here are some facts about scoliosis:

1. Prevalence:

Scoliosis is a prevalent condition affecting around 2% of the population globally. It is estimated that around 6-9 million cases of scoliosis occur in the United States alone.

2. Gender Disparity:

Scoliosis is more prevalent in females compared to males. Girls are 8-10 times more likely to develop scoliosis requiring treatment than boys.

3. Types:

There are different types of scoliosis classified based on the location of the curve and its shape:

- Idiopathic scoliosis: Most common, cause unknown.

- Congenital scoliosis: Present from birth.

- Neuromuscular scoliosis: Associated with conditions affecting muscle or nerve function.

- Degenerative scoliosis: Develops in adults due to age-related changes in the spine.

4. Age of Onset:

Scoliosis often becomes evident during the growth spurt before puberty, around 10-15 years of age.

5. Symptoms:

Mild cases may have minimal or no symptoms. However, moderate to severe scoliosis can cause symptoms such as back pain, shoulder pain, ribcage prominence, uneven shoulders, or waistline, or breathing difficulties in extreme cases.

6. Diagnosis:

Diagnosis involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs. Measuring the Cobb angle, formed by the most tilted vertebrae, determines the severity of the curvature.

7. Treatment:

Depending on the severity and type of scoliosis, treatment options include observation, bracing, physical therapy, and surgery. Bracing is commonly used for mild to moderate cases, while surgery may be necessary for severe curves.

8. Curve Progression:

Scoliosis can worsen over time, especially if left untreated during adolescence. The progression risk is higher in individuals with curves exceeding 25-30 degrees.

9. Neurological and Cardiovascular Effects:

Severe scoliosis can put pressure on nerves and blood vessels, leading to potential neurological and cardiovascular complications.

10. Early Detection:

Regular screening for scoliosis in children and adolescents is essential for early detection and appropriate intervention.

11. Long-Term Health:

With proper treatment, most individuals with scoliosis can lead normal, active lives. However, severe curves may require ongoing medical management and monitoring throughout their lives.

12. Genetic Factors:

While the exact cause of idiopathic scoliosis is not fully understood, there seems to be a genetic component, as it tends to run in families.

13. Physical Activity:

Regular physical activity and maintaining good posture are generally encouraged for individuals with scoliosis, but specific exercises may depend on the severity and type of curve.

14. Impact on Quality of Life:

Scoliosis can affect an individual's self-image, social interaction, and quality of life. Emotional support and counseling may be beneficial in coping with the psychological impact of the condition.

15. Ongoing Monitoring:

Individuals with scoliosis may require regular monitoring and follow-up assessments, even after treatment, to track the progression of the curve and address any changes over time.