Definition of Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures. Seizures, as a symptom of the condition called epilepsy, occur when there is a sudden electrical misfiring of neurons or nerve cells in the epileptic's brain. These misfires cause convulsions or spasms, confusion, staring and sometimes complete loss of consciousness.

Types of Seizures

• There are two types of seizures: partial seizures and generalized seizures. Partial seizures occur in only one part of the brain, while generalized seizures affect various nerve cells throughout the brain.

Causes

• There is no one cause of epilepsy, however, the Mayo Clinic offers a few possible causes, such as: genetic influence, head trauma, medical disorders such as stroke or heart attack, dementia (a leading cause among older adults), diseases like meningitis, prenatal injury, and developmental disorders such as autism or Down syndrome.

Treatment

• Common forms of treatment include medication therapy, neurosurgery and vagus nerve stimulation therapy. The most commonly used and least invasive type of treatment is medication. Doctors prescribe medications based on the type of epilepsy a patient has.

Diagnosis

• Brain imaging is the most common diagnostic tool for epilepsy. Doctors may order CT or Computed Tomography Scans, MRIs and even EEG tests.

First Aid for Seizures

• The Epilepsy Foundation recommends the following first aid procedures for seizures: Keep calm; don't hold the person down; time the seizure; clear the area of any sharp or hard items; loosen any clothing that might make breathing difficult; put something soft under his head; turn him gently onto one side to keep his airway clear; and stay with him until the seizure ends naturally.