Tonic-Clonic Seizure Disorder

A seizure is an involuntary muscular contraction combined with an alteration in the state of consciousness that can occur suddenly and without warning. The information below provides specific details on tonic-clonic seizures.

Significance

• There are generally two types of seizures: primary generalized seizures and partial seizures. A tonic-clonic is considered a primary generalized seizure, since the electrical discharge is widespread throughout the brain.

Causes

• Often, the electrical discharge that causes a tonic-clonic seizure can be attributed to hereditary factors, severe infections or immune system disorders that affect the entire body.

Symptoms

• With tonic-clonic seizures, the symptoms typically involve overall loss of muscle control and unconsciousness. Other symptoms include salivation or foaming at the mouth, jaw clenching, tongue biting, and loss of involuntary functions, such as bladder control or breathing.

Types

• A tonic-clonic seizure is a type of convulsive seizure also known as a grand mal seizure; it is the best known of seizures due to its extreme and memorable muscle contractions.

How to React

• During the tonic-clonic seizure, the most important thing to do is take steps to protect the person from injuring themselves. Furthermore, depending upon severity and prior history, an ambulance may or may not be needed.

Treatment

• The treatment method chosen is highly dependent upon what is causing the seizure; a battery of tests is typically required to identify the cause and the treatment method is then tailored according to the cause.