What Are the Causes of Neuropathy?

Neuropathy, or nerve damage, is caused by a variety of different factors. The most common cause of this condition is diabetes, with at least half of all diabetics developing some form of neuropathy. Trauma or pressure on a nerve, or repetitive movement such as typing can lead to nerve damage. Other causes of neuropathy include infections, alcoholism, vitamin deficiencies and exposure to toxins. Autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can also lead to neuropathy.

Facts

• Millions of Americans suffer from some form of neuropathy. Approximately 30 percent of neuropathies are of unknown origin. Another 30 percent are complications of diabetes. The remaining neuropathies are caused by toxins, nutritional imbalances, tumors, nutritional deficiencies or autoimmune disorders.

Significance

• As people age, neuropathy becomes a common complaint. According to The Neuropathy Association, more than 8 percent of Medicare recipients have neuropathy as their primary or secondary diagnosis. Neuropathy treatment costs Medicare over $3 billion annually.

Types

• There are many different types of neuropathy, each with its own symptoms and causes. Neuropathy is categorized by the type of nerve that has been damaged. Mononeuropathy refers to damage to a single peripheral nerve. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example of mononeuropathy, and it is caused by the compression of a single nerve in the wrist. Polyneuropathy is nerve damage that occurs in many areas of the body.

Symptoms

• Symptoms of neuropathy can vary from one individual to another. They can often be subtle at first. Toes begin tingling or feeling numb. The feeling may be as vague as the sensation that you are wearing socks when you are not. Symptoms can sometimes become unbearable, with burning, stinging or shooting pains in your feet or all over your body.

Complications

• Untreated neuropathy can lead to permanent loss of nerve function, muscle atrophy and tissue damage. There can be a decreased ability to participate in routine activities, resulting in a reduced quality of life.

Prevention/Solution

• Any medical condition that is a risk factor for neuropathy needs to be carefully managed. Diabetics need to strive for good blood sugar control. If you think you have a problem with alcohol, discuss this with your doctor. Avoid repetitive motions and toxic chemicals. Strive for a diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and include a vitamin supplement.