What Is Locked-In Syndrome?

Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological condition in which a person is fully awake and aware but cannot move or communicate due to complete paralysis of all voluntary muscles. This condition is typically caused by damage to the brainstem, specifically the area known as the pons. The pons is responsible for relaying messages between the brain and the body, and damage to this area can disrupt the flow of these signals, leading to paralysis. Individuals with locked-in syndrome may be able to blink, move their eyes vertically, or communicate through eye movements or a spelling board. Because there is no cure for locked-in syndrome, treatment focuses on providing supportive care and maximizing communication abilities. Locked-in syndrome is often mistaken for being in a coma or vegetative state, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective communication methods for affected individuals.