What Is a Stellate Ganglion Block?
A stellate ganglion block (SGB) is a procedure that involves injecting medication near a bundle of nerves in the neck, known as the stellate ganglion. This injection temporarily blocks the transmission of nerve signals from the stellate ganglion, providing pain relief and potentially improving blood flow and muscle tone in certain areas of the body.
Why is a stellate ganglion block performed?
SGB is primarily used for managing pain in various conditions affecting the neck, shoulders, arms, and hands, including:
- Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): SGB can help relieve severe, persistent pain in the upper limbs associated with CRPS.
- Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS): SGB may provide temporary relief from the pain, numbness, and tingling caused by TOS.
- Raynaud's phenomenon: SGB can improve circulation and reduce symptoms such as finger discoloration and pain in Raynaud's disease.
- Chronic neck pain: SGB can be used diagnostically to determine the source of chronic neck pain and provide pain relief.
How is a stellate ganglion block performed?
An SGB is typically performed by an interventional radiologist or pain management specialist. Here's a general overview of the procedure:
1. Preparation: The patient is positioned comfortably on a table. The injection site on the neck is cleaned and sterilized.
2. Local Anesthesia: A local anesthetic is injected just under the skin to numb the injection site.
3. Needle Placement: Using imaging guidance, usually with ultrasound, the doctor inserts a thin needle near the stellate ganglion, guided by real-time imaging.
4. Medication Injection: A combination of local anesthetic and, sometimes, other medications such as corticosteroids, are then injected near the stellate ganglion.
5. Procedure Completion: The needle is removed, and a small bandage is applied to the injection site. The patient may rest for a brief period before being allowed to return home.
What to expect after an SGB?
After receiving a stellate ganglion block, patients may experience the following:
- Pain relief: The SGB can provide immediate pain relief, which may last for hours to days.
- Temporary effects: The effects of an SGB are usually temporary, and repeat injections may be necessary.
- Side effects: Potential side effects include temporary hoarseness, drooping of the eyelid (ptosis), and discomfort at the injection site.
It is important to follow post-procedure instructions provided by the doctor, such as avoiding strenuous activity and driving until the effects of the injection have worn off.
Stellate ganglion blocks can be a valuable tool in the management of pain and certain medical conditions. However, the procedure should only be performed by trained healthcare professionals after carefully assessing individual patient factors and discussing potential risks and benefits.