What are the symptoms of cutaneous diphtheria?

Cutaneous diphtheria typically manifests with localized skin lesions, which may have the following characteristics:

1. Initial Lesion: The initial lesion often appears as a small, painless, red or bluish skin discoloration. It may resemble an insect bite or a pimple.

2. Ulceration: The lesion gradually evolves into an ulcer with a grayish-black membrane or pseudomembrane covering its base. The membrane is firmly attached and can be difficult to remove without causing bleeding.

3. Surrounding Erythema: The skin surrounding the ulcer is often red, swollen, and tender.

4. Edema: Swelling (edema) may extend beyond the immediate area of the ulcer, especially in cases involving the face or extremities.

5. Regional Lymphadenopathy: Lymph nodes in the region draining the affected area may become swollen and tender.

6. Constitutional Symptoms: In some cases, particularly with extensive skin lesions or systemic involvement, individuals may experience fever, chills, fatigue, and malaise.

7. Progression: If left untreated, the ulcer may enlarge and deepen, and the infection can spread to deeper tissues, potentially leading to complications such as tissue necrosis, sepsis, and even death.

It is important to note that cutaneous diphtheria can mimic other skin conditions, such as impetigo or ecthyma, which can make diagnosis challenging. Therefore, prompt medical evaluation is essential to confirm the diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.