What causes absence seizure?

Absence seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. While the exact cause of this abnormal activity is not fully understood, several factors are believed to contribute:

1. Genetic Factors: Absence seizures often run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Mutations in specific genes that control brain function, such as SCN1A, GABRG2, and CACNA1H, have been linked to an increased risk of absence seizures.

2. Neurotransmitter Imbalances: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals between nerve cells in the brain. An imbalance in the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and dopamine, is thought to play a role in absence seizures.

3. Brain Development: Absence seizures commonly start in childhood, during a period of rapid brain development. This suggests that developmental abnormalities or disruptions in brain connectivity may contribute to the occurrence of seizures.

4. Structural Abnormalities: In some cases, absence seizures may be associated with structural abnormalities in the brain, such as malformations, tumors, or injuries. These abnormalities can disrupt normal brain activity, leading to seizures.

5. Metabolic Conditions: Certain metabolic conditions, such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and electrolyte imbalances, can also trigger absence seizures.

6. Environmental Factors: In some individuals, environmental factors, such as stress, anxiety, sleep deprivation, or flickering lights (photosensitivity), can act as triggers for absence seizures.

It's important to note that the exact cause of absence seizures can vary from person to person, and it may be a combination of these factors rather than a single cause. For an accurate diagnosis and proper management of absence seizures, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional who specializes in epilepsy or neurology.