What causes sudden seizures in children who never had one?

Several factors can contribute to sudden seizures in children who have never had one before. Some of the common causes include:

1. Febrile Seizures: These are seizures that occur in children between 6 months and 5 years of age during a high fever, usually above 100.4°F (38°C). They are usually brief and harmless, and most children outgrow them by age 6.

2. Head Trauma: A head injury, such as a concussion or skull fracture, can cause seizures shortly after the injury or sometimes even weeks or months later.

3. Infections: Certain infections, particularly those affecting the central nervous system, such as meningitis or encephalitis, can lead to seizures.

4. Genetic Conditions: Some genetic disorders, such as epilepsy, tuberous sclerosis, and neurofibromatosis, can cause seizures as part of their symptoms.

5. Metabolic Abnormalities: Electrolyte imbalances, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), or other metabolic disorders can disrupt brain function and trigger seizures.

6. Birth Injuries: Certain complications during birth, such as oxygen deprivation or brain damage, can increase the risk of seizures in newborns or young children.

7. Structural Brain Abnormalities: Conditions such as brain tumors, vascular malformations (abnormal blood vessel formations), or developmental brain abnormalities may cause seizures.

8. Drug Reactions: Some medications or recreational drugs can have side effects that include seizures.

9. Environmental Toxins: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as lead poisoning, can damage the brain and lead to seizures.

It's important to note that not all seizures are indicative of a serious underlying condition and some children may experience a single seizure without having another. However, it is always recommended to seek medical attention when a child experiences a sudden seizure for proper evaluation and management by a healthcare professional.