What organelles are effected when having Down syndrome?

People with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21, instead of the usual two. This extra copy of chromosome 21 leads to a number of developmental problems, including intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, and an increased risk of certain health conditions.

The extra copy of chromosome 21 also affects the function of a number of organelles, including the mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum.

The mitochondria are responsible for producing energy for the cell. In people with Down syndrome, the mitochondria are often smaller and less efficient at producing energy. This can lead to a number of problems, including fatigue, muscle weakness, and an increased risk of obesity.

The lysosomes are responsible for digesting and recycling waste products. In people with Down syndrome, the lysosomes are often smaller and less efficient at digesting waste products. This can lead to a number of problems, including an increased risk of infections and an accumulation of waste products in the cells.

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for producing proteins and lipids. In people with Down syndrome, the endoplasmic reticulum is often smaller and less efficient at producing proteins and lipids. This can lead to a number of problems, including an increased risk of birth defects and an impaired immune system.

The effects of Down syndrome on organelles can have a wide range of consequences for the health and development of individuals with the condition.