Generalized Epilepsy in Children

Approximately one in 100 children suffer from epilepsy. A doctor may diagnose epilepsy when a child experiences more than one seizure not caused by external factors such as fever or poisoning.

Definition

• A seizure occurs when neurons in the brain emit signals at an abnormal rate, sometimes as much as 500 signals per second. Typically, the brain emits 80 signals per second. Generalized seizures occur when both sides of the brain are affected.

Causes

• Researchers believe that epilepsy is caused by abnormally high levels of neurotransmittors that increase activity (excitatory) or abnormally low levels of neurotransmittors that decrease activity (inhibitory). Genetic disorders, illness, traumatic brain injuries or stroke can also lead to epilepsy.

Types

• There are six types of generalized seizures: tonic-clonic (a mix of muscle stiffness, convulsions and loss of consciousness), absence (lapse in memory, may include muscle twitches or jerks), myoclonic (convulsions of the upper body, arms or legs), clonic (convulsions on both sides of the body), tonic (muscle stiffness) and atonic (loss of normal muscle tone) seizures.

Treatment

• Seventy to 80 percent of children with epilepsy are able to control their seizures with medication. Different medications are used for different types of seizures, and identifying which type of seizures can be difficult even for a licensed physician. Some children can recognize triggers such as extreme emotional events and avoid them.

Precautions

• Inform teachers and other adults of an epileptic child's condition. Brief caretakers on procedures and first aid requirements for before, during and after a seizure.

Considerations

• Seizures can cause brain damage. Also, injury may occur from a fall or convulsions resulting from a seizure and protective head gear may become necessary.